Radiation-mediated induction of p53 pathway in the rat hippocampus

Ionizing radiation (IR) is commonly used in the treatment of brain tumors but it can cause significant damage to surrounding normal brain tissue. In this study, heads of young Wistar rats (18 days old) were subjected to a single dose of gamma irradiation (10 Gy) similar to that used in prophylactic brain irradiation of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The kinetics of apoptosis associated proteins (p53 and Bax) were examined by Western blotting and RT-PCR. We observed that p53 mRNA expression was unchanged after irradiation, while induction of p53 protein was rapid, leading to the accumulation of p53 protein in the cytoplasm. In addition, Bax mRNA and protein levels were also increased following cranial irradiation. These results indicate that cranial irradiation, used in terms of prophylactic therapy, is associated with activation of the p53 system, alongside with induction of positive apoptosis regulator Bax.Physical chemistry 2008 : 9th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 200

Kako u Srbiji povećati proizvodnju junećeg, jagnjećeg i svinjskog mesa namenjenog domaćim potrebama i izvozu

The present situation in livestock production and production of meat is presented in this paper, as well as directions for future work aimed at bringing changes to this branch of economy. In the last decade, a drop in the number of animals was recorded of approx. 2 to 3% at annual level. Also, drop in production of meat was recorded from 444.000 tons (1990) to 384.000 tons (2010). In order to have planned progress in production of meat it is necessary to define more clearly breeding goals with precise determination of all economically relevant and indicator traits. In addition to growth and body development traits which have so far been in focus of selection work, for production of meat also maternal traits are important, food conversion and quantity and quality traits of carcasses and meat.Dugoročna koncepcija razvoja stočarstva treba da se temelji na efikasnosti proizvodnje mesa, preko organizovanja farmera. Za uspešno organizaciono i ekonomsko jačanje farmera važan je pravilan izbor poslovnog povezivanja. Za brdsko planinska područja naše zemlje, u kojima nema organizovanih otkupnih i prerađivačkih kapaciteta i koja su udaljena od gradskih centara, veoma interesantan oblik povezivanja će biti formiranje novih malih preradnih kapaciteta. Stabilne i unapred poznate cene za proizvode stočarstva, kao i dobro postavljeni pariteti cena garancija su za stabilno stočarstvo. Naša dosadašnja iskustva u unapređenju stočarstva i ostvareni rezultati u svetu, transfer tehnologija, sve više nas upućuju da je za brže ukupno poboljšanje stočarstva neophodna bolje organizovana i pojačana stručna i naučna infrastruktura. U Srbiji je 2010-godine i pored manjeg broja stoke proizvedeno ukupno 384.000 tona junećeg, svinjskog i jagnjećeg mesa, što je za 3,3% više nego u 2009. godini, odnosno 6,3 odsto više nego što je bila prosečna proizvodnja od 2001. do 2009. godine. U Srbiji u 2010. bila manja proizvodnja goveđeg, junećeg i telećeg mesa za 4,4 odsto i ovčijeg i jagnjećeg mesa za 7,1 odsto, dok se za 6,8 odsto više proizvodilo svinjsko. 2010-godine, u poređenju sa prosečno ostvarenom proizvodnjom u periodu od 2001. do 2009. proizvedeno je više svih vrsta mesa: svinjskog mesa za 3,1%, goveđeg i junećeg mesa za 7,5, i ovčijeg i jagnjećeg mesa za 15%. Sva domaćinstva koja se ozbiljnije bave govedarskom proizvodnjom trebalo bi u narednom periodu organizovati kao gazdinstva za tržišnu proizvodnju mleka, gazdinstva za tržišnu proizvodnju tovne junadi i gazdinstva za kombinovanu tržišnu proizvodnju mleka i junadi za klanje. Osnovnu pažnju u programima razvoja ovčarstva treba posvetiti porodičnom gazdinstvu i novim tehnologijama koje se bave intenziviranjem proizvodnje mesa, mleka i vune na farmama ovaca. Specijalizovani farmeri za meso, odnosno mleko treba da poseduju od 100-500 grla ovaca, kao i odgovarajuću infrastrukturu. Farmeri trojnog smera proizvodnje su tradicionalna domaćinstva koja drže do 20 ili 50 ovaca. Njima treba obezbediti kvalitetan priplodni materijal i svaku drugu pomoć u cilju povećanja njihove proizvodnje. Porodične farme bi u narednom desetogodišnjem periodu trebale da drže 50 a zatim do 100 krmača i tove 1000 i više tovljenika. Sve to bi moglo dovesti do povećanja proizvodnje svinjskog mesa po prosečnoj godišnjoj stopi od 2 do 2,5%. Neophodno je odabrati najbolje farme kako bi se formirali elitni, umnožavajući (reproduktivni) i proizvodni (komercijalni) zapati u piramidalnoj organizaciji proizvodnje priplodnih grla i tovljenika

Mogućnosti stočarstva Srbije - perspektiva i budućnost

The paper describes the state of the livestock production in the Republic of Serbia including preliminary results from the 2012 census: according to preliminary data, 908.990 heads of cattle, 3.403.288 pigs, 1.729.278 sheep and 235.576 goats are reared in Serbia. Structural and institutional measures, and measures of credit support should be the main instruments for achieving the goals of progress in animal husbandry. Activities in the breeding-selection work should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of international organizations (ICAR, INTERBULL, EAAP). One of the most important outcome of these activities should result in a level of over 80% of the total population of cattle, pigs, sheep and other species of domestic farm animals in Serbia included in the control of production performance (presently between 25 and 30%). Genetic improvement of cattle, sheep and pigs (milk, meat) is very complex. More efficient use of reproductive technologies (AI - artificial insemination and embryo transfer ET, etc.), also of methods for evaluation of breeding value of farm animals through new methods of evaluation of breeding value of cows and breeding bulls will contribute to faster genetic improvement of production traits of these species of domestic animals. New knowledge in mapping and gene transfer, marker assisted selection, in vitro embryo development, embryo cloning, sexing, etc., are improving rapidly, with new technologies being developed permanently. Breeding/improvement of cattle, sheep and pigs in through breeding - selection work should facilitate further improvement of fertility traits, growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass quality (higher percentage of muscle tissue in the body), the quality of milk and meat, resistance to disease and stress, etc.Početkom 2013. godine dobijeni su preliminarni rezultati popisa poljoprivrede u Republici Srbiji, obavljenog 2012. godine. Ukupan broj goveda je 908.990, svinja 3.403.288, ovaca 1.729.278 i koza 235.576 grla.. Povećanje konkurentnosti stočarstva Srbije se može ostvariti kreiranjem uslova za tržišno okruženje i putem investicija, kako u znanje, tako i u opremu. Zbog toga strukturne i institucionalne mere, kao i mere kreditne podrške treba da budu glavni instrumenti za ostvarenje ovog cilja. Aktivnosti u odgajivačko-selekcijskom radu treba da se sprovode u skladu sa preporukama međunarodnih organizacija (ICAR, INTERBULL, EAAP i druga). Jedan od najvažnijih rezultata ovog rada treba da prouzrokuje nivo od preko 80% ukupne populacije goveda, svinja, ovaca i ostalih vrsta domaćih životinja u Srbiji bude obuhvaćeno kontrolom proizvodnih svojstava (sada između 25 i 30%). Status i ciljevi oplemenjivanja goveda u Srbiji. Genetsko unapređenje goveda (mleko,meso) je vrlo kompleksno. Efikasnije korišćenje reproduktivnih tehnologija (VO-veštačko osemenjavanje i ET-embriotransfer i dr.) i korišćenje metoda za procenu odgajivačke vrednosti domaćih životinja preko novih metoda ocene priplodnih vrednosti bikova i krava će doprineti bržem genetskom unapređenju mlečnosti krava. Nova saznanja u mapiranju i transferu gena, selekciji preko markera, in vitro razvoju embriona, seksiranju i kloniranju embriona i dr. Odgajivački ciljevi-simentalska rasa, prosečna proizvodnja mleka u standardnoj laktaciji preko 6 000 kg; Holštajn frizijska rasa u standardnoj laktaciji preko 8 000 kg. Melezi iz ukrštanja domaćih krava nižih proizvodnih sposobnosti i bikova tovnih rasa, francuskih, italijanskih, engleskih. Odgajivački ciljevi ovakvog oplemenjivačkog rada i korišćenje heterozis efekta je stvaranje takvih genotipova koji će omogućiti završnu telesnu masu meleza F1, junadi od preko 550 kg, prosečni dnevni prirast u tovu preko 1500 g, randman toplih polutki preko 60%, sadržaj mišića u trupu od preko 65%. Status i ciljevi oplemenjivanja ovaca u Srbiji. Oplemenjivanje u cilju povećanja proizvodnje mesa treba da omogući dobijanje jagnjadi sa većim dnevnim prirastom (preko 300 g), veće završne mase tela sa 90 dana uzrasta (preko 28 kg), kao i većeg randmana trupa, više od 58%). Problem prelaska na policikličnost i oplodnju ovaca u toku cele godine obavio bi se na dva načina: genetički, korišćenjem ukrštanja rasa koje manifestuju estrus izvan normalne sezone (dorzet horn, il de france i romanovska) primenom metoda stimulacije, tj. indukcijom i sinhronizacijom estrusa.Tako bi se stvorili uslovi za primenu intenzivnog sistema jagnjenja dva jagnjenja u jednoj godini odnosno tri jagnjenja u dve godine. Sistem jagnjenja, sistem ukrštanja, selekcija i linijsko odgajivanje, zatim skraćenje post partum intervala i povećanje indeksa jagnjenja, kao i broja jagnjadi pri rođenju, rano zalučenje jagnjadi, korišćenje metode veštačkog osemenjavanja, automatskih mašina za dojenje, odgajivanje jagnjadi uspešnom zamenom za mleko i tov jagnjedi od 30 - 45 kg sa 90 do 120 dana. Status i ciljevi oplemenjivanja svinja u Srbiji. Oplemenjivanje svinja u cilju unapređenja mesnatosti preko odgajivačko-selekciojskog rada treba da omogući dalje poboljšanje osobina plodnosti, brzine porasta, iskorišćavanja hrane, kvaliteta trupa (veći procenat mišićnog tkiva u trupu), kvaliteta mesa i otpornosti svinja na bolesti i stres. Odgajivačko-selekcijskim radom neophodno je: povećati genetski potencijal postojećih mesnatih rasa i meleza svinja, raditi na stvaranju linija unutar čistih rasa primenom divergentne selekcije, kako bi se kasnije njihovim ukrštanjem ispoljivo veći heterozis efekat. Cilj selekcije treba da bude povećanje mišićnog tkiva u najvrednijim delovima trupa: but, plećka i kare. Odgajivački program u našoj zemlji predviđa ukrštanje landrasa (švedski, holandski,) i velikog jorkšira radi proizvodnje nazimica F1 generacije. One se posle toga ukrštaju sa nerastovima treće rase (terminalna rasa nerastova: hempšir, durok, pietren, nemački i belgijski landras) ili nerastovima F1 generacije. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31053

Large canyons in Dinaric and Prokletije mountains region of Montenegro

Montenegro occupies relatively small, southeastern part of the Dinaric mountains. Geological composition, which is predominantly carbonate, enabled formation of a great number of deep canyons and gorges. Canyons of Montenegro were formed in several ways, during multiple phases. Regardless of polygenetic and polymorphic character of the canyons, they can be classified into three main groups. By incision of melt-water rivers of Pleistocene glaciers, deep and particularly narrow canyons of small width were formed. The rivers that presently flow through these canyons have a nival regime - during the summer, their discharge is minimal, or they completely dry out. Depths of these canyons are up to 500 m. Rivers that directly feed into the Adriatic sea are of torrential character. They have pluvial regime, and dry out during the summer. Their canyons are short, several hundreds of meters deep. Deepest and longest canyons have been formed by incision of rivers that have changed their regimes during a longer period of time. Melt-water of Pleistocene glaciers has incised the greatest parts of canyons at the beginning of Holocene. Presently, river courses have nival-pluvial regime. In this group, single-phase and multiple-phase canyons can be distinguished (alteration of erosional and accumulation processes). Depths of these canyons exceed 1000 m

Study of Collinear Collision in Impulsive Model

Exact quantum solution of the collinear collision problem is found in the impulsive model. The transition probabilities compare well with those for real systems, except when multiple collisions become important

Mathematical-geographical analysis of the orientation of St John's church of the Studenica monastery

Considering the fact that ecclesiastical rules do not precisely say that a church must be directed 'to the East' or 'to sunrise', it should always be checked if there is a connection between the orientation of a church and geometry of the Sun. In this paper, such examination is performed on the example of the church of St. John (the 13th century), one of four churches of the Studenica monastery, in the following way: 1) using gnomon method, the azimuth of the main longitudinal axis of the church is measured; 2) the altitude above the horizon of the point in which the extended axis of the church touches the true horizon is determined by cartometry; 3) the most probable dates when the Sun rises at that point are determined: May 7th according to Gregorian calendar, or April 30th according to Julian calendar, in the 13th century. The applied method is described in details and it can be applied for the analysis of the orientation of any other medieval church. This method can determine the time when the church was founded, as well as the fact if the church is original, or possibly erected on the foundations of some older sacral object